Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common non-cancerous growths affecting women during their reproductive years. While many women may have fibroids without even knowing it, others can experience significant discomfort and health issues. Understanding fibroids is key to early detection, proper management, and improved quality of life.

1. What are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids (also called leiomyomas) are benign tumors that develop in or on the uterus. They are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary greatly in size—from as small as a seed to as large as a melon.

Fibroids can grow in different parts of the uterus:

• Intramural fibroids: Within the muscular wall
• Submucosal fibroids: Inside the uterine cavity
• Subserosal fibroids: On the outer surface of the uterus

2. Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

• Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth
• Genetics: Family history increases risk
• Age: Most common in women aged 30–50
• Obesity: Higher body weight is linked to increased risk
• Lifestyle factors: Diet and stress may play a role

Doctors may recommend a hysterectomy for several reasons, including:

3. Common Symptoms

Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. However, when symptoms occur, they may include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination
• Constipation
• Pain during intercourse
• Enlarged abdomen

Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. However, when symptoms occur, they may include:

4. When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you experience:

• Heavy or irregular periods
• Persistent pelvic pain
• Difficulty urinating
• Rapid abdominal enlargement

Early medical care can prevent complications and improve outcomes.